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Research guides
107 guides covering individual molecules, head-to-head comparisons, handling and storage, and the documentation that should come with a lot.
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In-depth guides
Comparisons
KLOW vs GLOW Blend: What the Fourth Peptide Changes for Research Design
KLOW and GLOW blends side by side: the KPV difference, molar balance per component, why blends cannot attribute effects, and copper-specific handling.
ComparisonsIpamorelin vs GHRP-2: Ghrelin-Receptor Selectivity, Structure and Which to Use
Ipamorelin or GHRP-2? Same GHS-R1a target, different selectivity. Structure, off-target endocrine profile, tryptophan light sensitivity and COA checks.
ComparisonsCJC-1295 With and Without DAC: Albumin Conjugation and Exposure Pattern in Research
CJC-1295 with and without DAC for research: the maleimide albumin link, pulsatile vs continuous receptor exposure, thiol and pH pitfalls, COA checks.
Molecule guides 77
- Neurodegeneration Reagents: Amyloid-Beta, Tau, Synuclein and What to OrderAmyloid-beta, tau, alpha-synuclein and neurotrophin reagents for neurodegeneration labs: which families, antisera and kits to order, and how to handle them.3 min
- Antimicrobial Peptide Reagents: Families, Formats and the MIC TrapsCathelicidins, defensins, CRAMP and hepcidin for AMP laboratories: which families and kits to order, plus the counter-ion and media traps in MIC work.3 min
- Oncology Research Reagents: Peptide Families, Antisera and Kits in the Cancer CatalogA map of the cancer section: checkpoint ligands, angiogenesis fragments, tumour-marker standards and protease substrates, with format and species guidance.3 min
- Cardiovascular Research Peptides: Families, Reagent Formats and Selection NotesNatriuretic, angiotensin, endothelin, apelin and adrenomedullin families, plus antisera, tracers and EIA kits: what cardiovascular labs order and why.3 min
- Syringes and Needles in Peptide Research: Units, Barrel Size and Dead SpaceU-100 syringes in peptide research: what a unit measures, gauge versus barrel size, dead-space losses and worked micrograms-per-unit examples.4 min
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research: Peptide Families, Antisera and Assay KitsIslet hormones, the incretin axis and the adipokines: which peptide standards, antisera and immunoassay kits metabolic laboratories order, and why.3 min
- Peptide Immunoassay Kits: ELISA, EIA and RIA Formats and How to Select OnePicking a peptide immunoassay kit: format choice, standard range, sample matrix, species reactivity, analyte definition and sample collection rules.4 min
- Choosing a Peptide Label: Fluorophore, Biotin or RadioiodinePicking a peptide label: what FAM, biotin and iodine-125 each detect, the mass each adds for identity checks, spacer design and radiolabel decay maths.3 min
- Reading Peptide Sequences: Codes, Modification Shorthand and Mass ArithmeticPeptide sequence notation explained: N-to-C order, one- and three-letter codes, Ac- and -NH2 shorthand, D-residues, and sequence-to-mass arithmetic.4 min
- Labelled Peptides (Fluorescent, Biotin, I-125): What They Are and How to Pick OneFluorophore, biotin or I-125? Picking a labelled peptide: tag position, spacers, fluorogenic substrate design, spectra, degree of labelling and storage.4 min
- Confirming Peptide Identity by Mass SpectrometryReading MS data on a peptide COA: ESI versus MALDI, charge-state series, monoisotopic or average mass, and the diagnostic shifts that name an impurity.3 min
- Moles, Molarity and mg/mL: The Arithmetic Behind Peptide ConcentrationsConverting peptide mg/mL to molarity, planning C1V1=C2V2 dilutions, and applying the net peptide content correction that most calculations skip.3 min
- Neuropeptide Reagents: Families, Formats and Choosing Between ThemNPY, substance P, orexin, galanin and the rest: which neuropeptide families, antisera and assay kits laboratories order, and which format fits which study.3 min
- Obesity and Appetite Research: Peptide Families, Antisera and Assay KitsFrom leptin and ghrelin to NPY, AgRP and POMC: how the appetite and energy-balance section is organised, and which reagent format fits which question.3 min
- Oral Peptide Formats: Capsules, Troches and the Bioavailability QuestionWhy oral peptides absorb so poorly, what enteric coatings, arginate salts and sublingual troches actually change, and how to frame an oral study design.3 min
- Peptide Nasal Sprays: Formulation Limits, Per-Actuation Maths and StorageResearch peptide nasal sprays explained: buffer and tonicity, size limits, 0.1 mL metered pumps, per-actuation calculations and liquid-format storage.3 min
- Peptide Half-Life and Stability: What DAC, PEG, Acetylation and Aib Actually DoTwo clocks, not one: vial shelf life versus circulating half-life. DPP-4, renal filtration, albumin binding, PEGylation, capping and the decay arithmetic.3 min
- Anti-Aging Research Peptides: Mapping Compounds to the Hallmarks of AgingEpitalon, MOTS-c, humanin, SS-31, FOXO4-DRI and NAD+ mapped to the hallmarks of aging: evidence depth, controls, handling and selection. Research use only.8 min
- Energy & Mitochondrial Research Peptides: Compound Classes, Evidence and How to ChooseMOTS-c, humanin, SS-31, NAD+, 5-Amino-1MQ and AICAR for bioenergetics research: mechanisms, flux readouts, controls and handling. Research use only.8 min
- Fertility and Hormone Research Peptides: HPG-Axis Overview, Compound Classes and How to ChooseHPG-axis research peptides explained: kisspeptin-10, gonadorelin, triptorelin, HCG, HMG and enclomiphene, how each acts and how to sample LH properly.8 min
- Focus and Memory Research Peptides: Cognition Overview, Compound Classes and How to ChooseSemax, Selank, Dihexa, P-21, PE-22-28 and Cerebrolysin compared for cognition research: molecular targets, strength of evidence and study design pitfalls.8 min
- Gut Health Peptide Research: Barrier vs Inflammation, Compound Classes and SelectionLarazotide, BPC-157, KPV and VIP in gastrointestinal research: barrier vs inflammation endpoints, colitis models, oral delivery rationale and quality checks.8 min
- Hair Growth Research Peptides: Follicle Biology Overview, Compound Classes and How to ChooseGHK-Cu, AHK-Cu, PTD-DBM and zinc thymulin for hair follicle research: mechanisms, anagen/telogen endpoints, evidence depth and how to design a sound study.8 min
- Tissue Repair Research Peptides: BPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu, KPV and ARA-290 ComparedBPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu, KPV and ARA-290 compared for tissue repair research: mechanisms, injury models, endpoints and evidence quality. Research use only.8 min
- Immune Research Peptides: Thymic, Host-Defence and Regulatory Classes ComparedThymosin alpha-1, thymulin, LL-37, VIP, KPV and ARA-290 compared for immunology research: targets, direction of effect, assays and endotoxin specs.8 min
- Joint and Tendon Peptide Research: Compound Classes, Endpoints and How to ChooseBPC-157, TB-500, GHK-Cu, pentosan polysulfate and hyaluronic acid in joint and tendon research: tissue biology, endpoints and design pitfalls for EU labs.8 min
- Libido Peptide Research: Central and Endocrine Axes, Compound Classes and SelectionPT-141, Melanotan II, oxytocin, kisspeptin-10 and GnRH analogues for sexual behaviour research: central vs endocrine axes, receptors and evidence status.8 min
- Muscle Growth Research Peptides: Skeletal Muscle Overview, Compound Classes and How to ChooseGHRH analogues, GHRPs, IGF-1 variants and myostatin inhibitors compared for skeletal muscle research: targets, half-lives, endpoints and selection logic.8 min
- Skin Research Peptides: The Four Cosmetic Peptide Classes, Evidence and SelectionGHK-Cu, Matrixyl, Argireline, SNAP-8 and tyrosinase-inhibiting peptides compared for dermal research: classes, assays, barrier penetration and handling.8 min
- Sleep Peptide Research: Architecture, Circadian Timing and Compound SelectionDSIP, melatonin, epitalon, GHRH analogues and anxiolytic peptides in sleep research: architecture vs circadian timing vs latency, EEG endpoints, selection.8 min
- Peptide Antibodies and Antisera: Formats, Immunogens and Validation ControlsChoosing a peptide antibody: antiserum, purified IgG or affinity-purified, immunogen and epitope, species reactivity, blocking controls and storage.4 min
- Choosing a Research Peptide: Five Specifications That Decide the OrderSelecting a research peptide: sequence and modifications, HPLC purity against peptide content, TFA or acetate salt, species, solubility and storage.4 min
- Third-Party Peptide Testing: Who Tests, What Gets Measured, and How to Check a LotWhat independent peptide testing really covers: blind purchases versus vendor-submitted samples, HPLC, MS and quantity assays, and verifying a report by lot.2 min
- Topical Peptide Research: Barrier Limits, Peptide Classes and Formulation ArithmeticTopical peptide research explained: the 500-dalton barrier, GHK-Cu, Argireline and Matrixyl, vehicle choice, and converting label percentages to molarity.3 min
- ELISA and RIA Kits in Peptide Research: Formats, Curves, Validation and PitfallsRunning peptide immunoassays properly: why most are competitive, how to fit a 4PL curve, spike recovery and parallelism checks, CV limits and unit conversion.2 min
- What Is 5-Amino-1MQ? NNMT Inhibition, Quinolinium Chemistry and Research Context5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule NNMT inhibitor, not a peptide: quinolinium structure, NAD and methyl-donor biology, evidence limits and salt-form arithmetic.6 min
- ACE-031 (ActRIIB-Fc): Decoy Receptor Design, Ligand Promiscuity and Research ContextACE-031 for research: the soluble ActRIIB-Fc ligand trap, how it intercepts myostatin, why development halted in 2013, handling and COA checks.6 min
- AOD-9604: The Tyrosine-Extended Growth Hormone Fragment in Metabolic ResearchAOD-9604 for research: the tyrosine-extended hGH 177-191 fragment, its proposed lipolytic mechanism, what human trials found, formats and COA checks.6 min
- ARA-290 (Cibinetide): Helix-B Mimetic Design, Receptor Logic and Research UseARA-290, the erythropoietin helix-B mimetic known as cibinetide: sequence origin, innate repair receptor mechanism, research fields, vial sizes, COA checks.6 min
- BPC-157 + TB-500 (Wolverine Blend): Composition, Molar Arithmetic and Certificate ChecksThe BPC-157 + TB-500 Wolverine blend for research: what each peptide is, why 1:1 by mass is not 1:1 by mole, dilution maths and two-component COA checks.6 min
- What Is BPC-157? Pentadecapeptide Structure, Proposed Mechanisms and Evidence LimitsBPC-157 explained for researchers: the 15-residue gastric pentadecapeptide, proposed angiogenic pathways, the limits of the evidence, formats and COA checks.5 min
- Cagrilintide: Acylated Amylin Analogue Structure, Receptor Logic and Research UseCagrilintide explained: a long-acting acylated amylin analogue at AMY1-3 and calcitonin receptors — structure, receptor logic, research record and handling.6 min
- CJC-1295 No DAC (Modified GRF 1-29): Substitutions, Receptor Action and Research UseCJC-1295 without DAC explained: what each of the four substitutions fixes, GHRH receptor pharmacology, pulsatile exposure, vial sizes and COA checks.6 min
- CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin: Two Receptors, One Somatotroph, and the Arithmetic of a BlendCJC-1295 with ipamorelin for research: two receptors on one cell, why the 1:1 mass ratio is not 1:1 molar, blend arithmetic and certificate checks.6 min
- What Is CJC-1295 with DAC? Albumin Conjugation, GHRH Receptor Pharmacology and Research UseCJC-1295 with DAC for research: how the maleimide linker binds albumin Cys34, why exposure lasts days, thiol-free handling and the mass checks on a COA.6 min
- Follistatin-344: Isoforms, Ligand Sequestration and What the Certificate Must ShowFollistatin-344: the 344-residue activin-binding glycoprotein that traps activin A and myostatin — isoform differences, sequestration mechanism, COA checks.6 min
- GHK-Cu Explained: Copper Coordination, Proposed Mechanisms and Research ApplicationsGHK-Cu for research: how the Gly-His-Lys tripeptide binds copper(II), matrix and gene-expression studies, vial sizes, formulation handling and COA checks.6 min
- GHRP-2 (Pralmorelin): Sequence, GHS-R1a Signalling and Research ApplicationsGHRP-2 explained for laboratories: the pralmorelin hexapeptide's sequence and modifications, GHS-R1a signalling, prolactin and cortisol data, COA checks.6 min
- GHRP-6 Explained: The Original Secretagogue Hexapeptide, GHS-R1a Pharmacology and Research UsesGHRP-6 for research: the original GH-releasing hexapeptide, its sequence, GHS-R1a signalling, feeding and motility models, light sensitivity and COA checks.7 min
- Hexarelin: Structure, GHS-R1a and CD36 Targets, and the Research RecordHexarelin explained for researchers: the methylated GHRP-6 analogue acting at GHS-R1a and cardiac CD36 — structure, mechanisms, study record and COA checks.7 min
- HGH Fragment 176-191: The Native C-Terminal Segment and Its Analytical PitfallsHGH Fragment 176-191: the native 16-residue C-terminal segment of growth hormone — structure, disulfide loop, proposed lipolytic action and analytical traps.6 min
- Humanin: The First Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide and How to Work With ItHumanin for research: the first mitochondrial-derived peptide, its discovery screen, dual cytoprotective mechanisms, solubility problems and COA checks.6 min
- What Is Ibutamoren (MK-677)? Non-Peptide Ghrelin-Receptor Agonist: Structure, Mechanism, EvidenceIbutamoren (MK-677) explained: an orally active non-peptide GHS-R1a agonist with a 24-hour half-life — structure, signalling, human trial data and handling.6 min
- What Is IGF-1 DES (1-3)? Truncated IGF-1, Binding-Protein Escape and Research UseIGF-1 DES explained: the natural 67-residue truncation that slips past IGF binding proteins — structure, signalling, research use and COA mass checks.6 min
- IGF-1 LR3: Escaping the Binding Proteins, and What That Means at the BenchIGF-1 LR3: the 83-residue IGF-1 analogue engineered to escape the IGF binding proteins — modifications, IGF-1R signalling, culture uses and COA checks.6 min
- What Is Ipamorelin? Pentapeptide Structure, GHS-R1a Pharmacology and Research ProfileIpamorelin for research: the Aib/D-amino-acid pentapeptide, Gq-coupled GHS-R1a signalling, its selectivity data, molar maths and what a COA can prove.6 min
- What Is KPV? The Alpha-MSH Tripeptide — Structure, Mechanism and Research ProfileKPV (Lys-Pro-Val), the alpha-MSH C-terminal tripeptide: structure, reported NF-kappa B and PepT1 mechanisms, colitis research, molar maths and COA checks.7 min
- Larazotide Acetate: Sequence, Zonulin Pathway and Research RecordLarazotide acetate (GGVLVQPG): zonulin antagonist origin, tight-junction mechanism, phase 3 celiac history, capsule format, storage and COA checks.6 min
- What Is Liraglutide? The First Acylated GLP-1 Analogue: Structure, Mechanism and ResearchLiraglutide for research: Lys34Arg GLP-1(7-37) with a C16 palmitate, albumin binding and heptamers, hours-long exposure, pH-sensitive handling, COA checks.6 min
- LL-37 Explained: The Human Cathelicidin's Structure, Mechanisms and Research UseLL-37, the only human cathelicidin: hCAP18 origin, amphipathic helix, membrane and immunomodulatory mechanisms, handling notes and COA checks for lab use.7 min
- What Is Mazdutide? Oxyntomodulin-Based Dual Agonist: Structure, Mechanism and ResearchMazdutide (IBI362, LY3305677) explained: an oxyntomodulin-based GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist — structure, receptor balance, research use and lab handling.6 min
- MGF: The IGF-1 Ec E-Domain Peptide, Its Open Mechanism and Short Working LifeMGF explained: the 24-residue E-domain of the IGF-1 Ec splice variant — why it is not an IGF-1 analogue, what the cell data show, and how to read its COA.6 min
- MOTS-c: A Mitochondrially Encoded Peptide, Its AMPK Route and Its Oxidation RiskMOTS-c explained: a 16-residue peptide encoded inside 12S rRNA — AMPK route via AICAR, nuclear translocation, oxidation risk and what its COA must show.6 min
- PEG-MGF: Why the Polymer Is There, What It Changes and How to Verify ItPEG-MGF for research: why the polymer is attached to the MGF E-domain, what PEGylation costs and buys, molar arithmetic and how to read a conjugate COA.6 min
- Retatrutide (LY3437943): Triple Receptor Design and What It Means for Study DesignRetatrutide for research: the 39-residue GIP/GLP-1/glucagon triple agonist, its receptor balance, study designs, handling and identity checks.5 min
- Semaglutide: Acylated GLP-1 Analogue Design, Mechanism and Laboratory UseSemaglutide for research: a 31-residue acylated GLP-1 receptor agonist — engineering, reported mechanism, tiers of evidence, vial sizes and COA reading.5 min
- Sermorelin + Ipamorelin: The Unmodified GHRH Fragment Paired With a Selective SecretagogueThe sermorelin and ipamorelin blend explained: unmodified GHRH (1-29) amide with a selective GHS-R1a pentapeptide — pulse profile, ratio maths, COA checks.6 min
- What Is Sermorelin? GHRH (1-29) Amide — Structure, Receptor Mechanism and Research UseSermorelin explained for research: why GHRH (1-29) amide retains full potency, class B receptor signalling, DPP-4 clearance, molar maths and COA checks.6 min
- SLU-PP-332: An ERR Pan-Agonist Probe for Transcriptional Metabolic ResearchSLU-PP-332 explained: a non-peptide pan-agonist of ERR alpha, beta and gamma used as an exercise-mimetic probe — mechanism, timescales, solvent and COA notes.6 min
- SS-31 (Elamipretide): Cardiolipin Targeting, Mechanism and Laboratory UseSS-31 for research: the Szeto-Schiller tetrapeptide that targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, its mechanism, trial record and handling.6 min
- Survodutide (BI 456906): Structure, Receptor Pharmacology and Research StatusSurvodutide (BI 456906), a lipidated GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist: structure, proposed mechanism, published research areas, lab storage and COA checks.6 min
- TB-500: The Acetylated Actin-Binding Heptapeptide and Why It Is Not Thymosin Beta-4TB-500 explained: the acetylated seven-residue actin-binding motif of thymosin beta-4 — sequence, mechanism, why it is not the parent protein, and COA checks.6 min
- Tesamorelin + Ipamorelin: Full-Length Acyl-Capped GHRH With a Selective SecretagogueThe tesamorelin and ipamorelin blend explained: acyl-capped full-length GHRH(1-44) with a selective GHS-R1a pentapeptide — ratio maths and COA checks.6 min
- Tesamorelin Explained: Acylated GHRH (1-44) Chemistry, Mechanism and Research UseTesamorelin for research: the trans-3-hexenoyl GHRH (1-44) analogue, DPP-4 resistance, receptor pharmacology, trial history, vial sizes and COA checks.6 min
- Tesofensine: A Non-Peptide Triple Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor in Metabolic ResearchTesofensine explained: a non-peptide phenyltropane blocking NET, DAT and SERT — mechanism, trial history, cardiovascular signal, capsule format and handling.6 min
- What Is Tirzepatide? GIP-Backbone Dual Agonist: Structure, Receptor Balance and ResearchTirzepatide for research: a 39-residue GIP-backbone dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist — structure, receptor imbalance, signal bias, handling and certificate checks.5 min
- What Is VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)? Structure, Receptor Signalling and Research UsesVasoactive intestinal peptide for research: 28-residue amidated structure, VPAC1/VPAC2 cAMP signalling, study areas, molarity maths and COA checks.7 min
Comparisons 20
- 5-Amino-1MQ vs SLU-PP-332: Enzyme Inhibition Against Nuclear-Receptor AgonismEnzyme inhibitor or nuclear-receptor agonist? Comparing 5-Amino-1MQ and SLU-PP-332 on mechanism, assay timing, solubility, controls and certificate checks.8 min
- AOD-9604 vs HGH Fragment 176-191: Cyclised and Linear Forms Side by SideOne sequence, two redox states: how the cyclised AOD-9604 and the linear hGH fragment differ, why 2 Da matters on a COA, and how to handle each at the bench.8 min
- Bacteriostatic or Sterile Water: Choosing a Diluent for Peptide ReconstitutionWhich diluent for peptide reconstitution: the 0.9% benzyl alcohol difference, multi-entry against single-use stocks, and when each one is required.2 min
- BPC-157 Capsules vs Vials: Same Peptide, Different Format and Different Study DesignOne peptide, two presentations: how capsules and lyophilized vials of BPC-157 differ on route evidence, preparation error, shelf behaviour and traceability.8 min
- BPC-157 vs KPV: Structural Repair Readouts Against Inflammatory SignallingBPC-157 against KPV: a gastric pentadecapeptide versus an alpha-MSH tripeptide — mechanisms, gut-model readouts, molar matching and certificate checks.8 min
- BPC-157 vs TB-500: Different Molecules, Different Mechanisms, Different StudiesChoosing between BPC-157 and TB-500: gastric pentadecapeptide or actin-binding thymosin fragment? Mechanisms, study types, molar maths, handling, COA checks.8 min
- Cagrilintide and Semaglutide: Two Hormone Families, Two Receptor SystemsTwo hormone families, two receptor systems: amylin receptor complexes against the GLP-1 receptor, with design, handling and identity notes for labs.5 min
- CJC-1295 With and Without DAC: Albumin Conjugation and Exposure Pattern in ResearchCJC-1295 with and without DAC for research: the maleimide albumin link, pulsatile vs continuous receptor exposure, thiol and pH pitfalls, COA checks.8 min
- Sermorelin vs CJC-1295 No DAC: Native GHRH(1-29) Against Its Hardened AnalogueSermorelin vs Modified GRF 1-29 for research: what the four substitutions fix, DPP-4 and oxidation liabilities, assay choice, handling and COA checks.8 min
- GHK-Cu vs AHK-Cu: One Residue Apart, Two Separate Research LiteraturesGHK-Cu and AHK-Cu compared for research: one residue apart, two literatures — matrix and skin versus hair follicle work, controls, handling and COA.5 min
- Peptide Storage: Powder, Solution, Light, Moisture and the One-Thaw RulePeptide storage in practice: powder at −20 °C, solutions at 2–8 °C, controlling light and moisture, aliquoting, and the single freeze–thaw rule.2 min
- Ipamorelin vs GHRP-2: Ghrelin-Receptor Selectivity, Structure and Which to UseIpamorelin or GHRP-2? Same GHS-R1a target, different selectivity. Structure, off-target endocrine profile, tryptophan light sensitivity and COA checks.8 min
- KLOW vs GLOW Blend: What the Fourth Peptide Changes for Research DesignKLOW and GLOW blends side by side: the KPV difference, molar balance per component, why blends cannot attribute effects, and copper-specific handling.9 min
- Liraglutide vs Semaglutide: Acyl Chemistry, Exposure Windows and Choosing Between ThemHow the two acylated GLP-1 analogues differ: C16 palmitate against C18 diacid, Aib8 and DPP-4 resistance, exposure windows, bench handling and COA checks.7 min
- LL-37 vs Thymosin Alpha-1: Direct Antimicrobial Action Against Immune ModulationA cationic antimicrobial cathelicidin beside an acidic thymic immunomodulator: mechanisms, evidence depth, demanding LL-37 handling and certificate checks.8 min
- Blends or Separate Vials: Fixed Ratios, Molar Arithmetic and Certificate RequirementsBlends versus separate vials for research: fixed mass ratios, the equal-mass molar trap, what a multi-component COA must report, and when to use each.3 min
- Retatrutide or Tirzepatide: One Extra Receptor and What It Costs in AttributionTriple against dual receptor agonism for research: shared scaffold, what the glucagon arm adds, control-arm design, handling and identity checks.5 min
- Semaglutide vs Retatrutide: Single-Receptor Probe Against a Triple AgonistOne receptor or three? How semaglutide and retatrutide differ as laboratory reference standards — scaffolds, control arms, molar conversion and handling.6 min
- Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide: Backbones, Receptor Coverage and Choosing a Reference StandardHow semaglutide and tirzepatide differ as research standards: GLP-1 mono-agonist vs dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist, backbones, molarity, handling and COA checks.6 min
- Survodutide or Mazdutide: A Designed Ratio Against an Inherited OneTwo GLP-1/glucagon dual agonists for research: a designed scaffold against an oxyntomodulin analogue, receptor balance, study design, handling and COA.7 min
Handling & storage 4
- Ten Ways Peptide Vials Get Spoiled in the Lab — and the Fix for EachThe handling errors that spoil peptide vials: cold stoppers, vortexing, trapped bubbles, micrograms-per-unit arithmetic, net content and freeze-thaw.4 min
- Aliquoting Peptide Solutions: Volumes, Losses, Containers and ProcedureWhen to split a reconstituted stock and when not to: freeze-thaw limits, the 100 uL adsorption floor, dead-space loss maths, fill rules and procedure.2 min
- Reconstituting Lyophilized Peptides: A Lab Procedure With Worked NumbersA laboratory procedure for reconstituting lyophilized peptides: choosing diluent and volume, worked mg/mL and mcg-per-unit examples, errors and storage.3 min
- Reconstitution Maths: Three Formulas Behind Every Peptide CalculatorThe three formulas behind every reconstitution calculator: mg to mcg, concentration, draw volume and U-100 syringe units, with worked lab examples.3 min
Documentation 3
- Nine Checks Before You Buy From a Research Peptide SupplierNine verifiable checks for choosing a research peptide supplier: lot-matched COAs, chromatograms, MS identity, net peptide content and real cost per mg.4 min
- Reading a Peptide Certificate of Analysis: Identity, Purity and the Line Most Buyers MissWhat a peptide certificate of analysis proves and what it does not: header checks, mass spectrometry identity, HPLC purity, net peptide content, red flags.4 min
- HPLC Purity Figures Decoded: What a Peptide Certificate Is Really ClaimingWhat HPLC purity measures: main-peak area ratios, the gap between 98% and 99%, what the figure leaves out, and how to judge a chromatogram properly.3 min
Ordering & shipping 2
- Cold Chain or Not: What Really Degrades Peptides in TransitWhen research peptides need cold chain and when they do not: what dry powder tolerates, the real cost of a hot transit, and how to inspect a vial.3 min
- What Is Lyophilization, and Why Do Research Peptides Ship as Powder?Why research peptides arrive as powder: freeze-drying in three stages, what excipients add to the cake, storage and shipping consequences, and formats.3 min
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